Using trade treaty policy to strengthen arbitration

India’s long-standing negotiations to sign new bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and free trade agreements (FTAs) with its prominent economic partners are bearing fruit. It has signed BITs with the United Arab Emirates (2024) , Israel (2025) , and Uzbekistan (2024) , and FTAs with New Zealand (April 2026) , the United Kingdom (July 2025) , European Free Trade Association ( March 2024) , and Oman (signed December 2025) . While much of the conversation has understandably focused on the potential economic benefits of these agreements and the mechanism for resolving investor-state disputes under international law (or the omission thereof), an important facet is frequently missing: their impact on commercial arbitration within India.