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The Supreme Court of India has upheld the 1978 'Triple Test' verdict for defining 'industry' in labour disputes. The article also covers international tensions between the U.S. and Iran, trade impacts on India, and a tragic stampede at a temple in Bihar.
Why it matters
The legal ruling provides long-term clarity for labour laws, while the geopolitical and local incidents highlight significant risks to economic stability and public safety.
In a milestone for labour law , a Nine-Judge Bench of the Supreme Court retained the provisions of a 1978 verdict defining the term ‘industry’ for pending industrial dispute cases, while keeping it contextual for prospective cases.
The 1978 verdict, called the Triple Test , laid out three criteria to decide whether an activity fell under ‘industry’ when deciding on industrial dispute cases. This test, known for its expansiveness, has had a checkered history.
Some Judges have said that its expansiveness ensured a variety of undertakings could make use of labour protections under the relevant laws, while others have said that it was too worker-oriented, leaving employers with the short end of the stick.
Here is a timeline of past verdicts and how the term has been interpreted over the years.
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