News - Genomes of Europe’s Last Neanderthals Analyzed - Archaeology Magazine

Share to Facebook Share to X Share via Email Copy permalink to clipboard https://archaeology.org/news/2026/06/25/genomes-of-europes-last-neanderthals-analyzed/ Copied to clipboard Neanderthal femur fragment from the Goyet Caves in Belgium LEIDEN, THE NETHERLANDS—According to a statement released by Leiden University , Marie Soressi of Leiden University and her colleagues analyzed the genomes of 27 Neanderthals who lived shortly before the species went extinct. These remains were recovered in France and Belgium, and included the bones of a Neanderthal individual recently unearthed at Les Cottés in France. Analysis of this individual’s genome detected connections to Neanderthal populations living outside of Western Europe. It had been previously suggested that a lack of genetic diversity due to shrinking populations contributed to the demise of Neanderthals. The study determined, however, that these 27 individuals did not belong to the same group. Rather, they lived in interconnected communities with different ancestral lineages. Moreover, the scientists did not find any signs of recent contact between the Neanderthals and modern humans. “We are only beginning to uncover the diversity and complexity of Neanderthal populations,” Soressi said. “As more genomes become available from sites across Europe and beyond, we can move from studying isolated individuals to reconstructing entire communities, their relationships, and the social networks that connected them,” she concluded. Read the original scholarly article about this research in Nature . To read about Neanderthal remains included in the study that were recovered from a Belgian site, go to " What Happened in Goyet Cave? "