Millions take calcium and vitamin D for bone health. A major review finds little benefit

Calcium and vitamin D supplements are widely taken to support bone health, especially by older adults. But a large review published in The BMJ suggests that, for most older people, these supplements provide little to no meaningful protection against falls or broken bones.

Falls are a major health concern as people age. Nearly one in three adults aged 65 and older falls each year, and those falls can lead to fractures, chronic pain, loss of independence, reduced quality of life, and in some cases a move into residential care. Finding effective ways to prevent falls and fractures is therefore an important public health goal.

Longstanding Questions About Bone Supplements

Calcium and vitamin D have long been associated with bone health. Calcium is a major structural component of bone, while vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium and supports normal bone metabolism.