Mediterranean diet may boost tiny proteins that protect the heart and brain

A new study suggests that the Mediterranean diet may protect the heart, brain, and aging cells through a surprising biological mechanism involving tiny proteins produced by mitochondria, the structures responsible for generating most of the energy our cells need.

Researchers at the USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology discovered that people who more closely followed the Mediterranean diet had higher levels of two mitochondrial microproteins called humanin and SHMOOSE. Both have previously been linked to protection against cardiovascular disease and neurodegeneration, the gradual deterioration of nerve cells that occurs in conditions such as Alzheimer's disease.

The study, led by USC Leonard Davis Instructional Associate Professor of Gerontology Roberto Vicinanza, offers a possible explanation for how everyday food choices influence cellular health and the aging process.