Lopsided solution: On syrup-based medicines, doctor’s prescription

As part of an overarching attempt to restore confidence in India’s pharmaceutical supply chain after a series of deaths damaged the country’s reputation as a drug exporter, the government has required a doctor’s prescription for individuals to purchase syrup-based medicines . However, while it seems like a credible measure, it is also defensive rather than reformist. The Union Health Ministry has r emoved the term “syrup” from Schedule K of the Drugs Rules 1945 , a change it had signalled when it issued the draft notification in December 2025, thus requiring cough syrups to be sold only with a prescription, through licensed pharmacies. These products were singled out after ethylene glycol (EG) and diethylene glycol (DEG) contamination in India-made cough syrups killed over 300 children across several countries since 2022. The WHO’s warnings in 2022 and 2023 also undermined assumptions that India’s export quality controls were effective and functioning independently. But beyond contamination, doctors have long raised concerns about how cough syrups are formulated and used. Many over-the-counter (OTC) cough syrups are ‘cocktails’ of bronchodilators, antihistamines, and decongestants, which can cause tremors and heart palpitations, extreme sedation or paradoxical agitation in infants, and blood pressure effects. The American Academy of Pediatrics has said that cough suppressants are quite ineffective for children under six years and may even be dangerous, as they can mask underlying conditions such as pneumonia or asthma. Yet, India’s entrenched OTC culture makes pharmacists de facto primary care providers in many rural and semi-urban areas.