Lead isotopes trace Malawi's mysterious copper ingot hoard to Congo's Kipushi mine
Scientists have traced copper ingots found in Malawi in 1967 to a mine in Congo, 800 km away, revealing extensive Iron Age trade routes across southern Africa. The ingots, lighter and rougher than others, were likely recast using a quick method, though their ultimate purpose remains a mystery.
Why it matters
This discovery provides significant insights into ancient trade networks and economic decisions in southern Africa, demonstrating sophisticated connections and resource movement across vast distances during the Iron Age.
edited by Sadie Harley , reviewed by Robert Egan
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Add as preferred source Five of the remaining copper ingots from the Chombe hoard. Credit: Stephens et al. 2026 In 1967, a Malawian farmer stumbled upon a hidden hoard of eight copper ingots buried beneath a tree. Now, more than half a century later, scientists have traced the metal to its source: a copper mine nearly 800 km (500 miles) away.
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