GERD is more than just heartburn: why it’s important to understand the difference
Medical experts explain that GERD is a chronic condition involving the failure of the anti-reflux barrier, distinct from simple heartburn. The article highlights causes such as hiatal hernias and obesity, emphasizing the importance of professional diagnosis.
Why it matters
Understanding the difference between common symptoms and chronic conditions is vital for public health and effective medical treatment.
Heartburn is commonly described as acidity and treated with antacids. But gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is not simply acidity. It occurs when the stomach contents repeatedly move into the oesophagus because the normal anti-reflux barrier does not function effectively.
“GERD is not simply a problem of producing too much acid,” said Vishnu Abishek Raju, senior consultant, medical gastroenterology, Apollo Hospitals, Greams Road, Chennai. Heartburn, therefore, is a symptom, rather than a diagnosis. Some people living with reflux have visible inflammation of the oesophagus, while others have symptoms without any visible injury.
GERD is common in India. A 2021 analysis of nine Indian studies involving 20,614 people estimated its pooled prevalence at 15.6%.
The lower oesophageal sphincter acts as a valve between the oesophagus and stomach. It can undergo brief, inappropriate relaxations, allowing stomach contents to move upwards.
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