Estonia's Balancing Act: Hard Security and High Principles

Estonia’s foreign policy has been shaped by its geopolitical vulnerability as a small state bordering its former 'imperial master' with revisionist ambitions. Informed by its own experience of occupation, Estonia values international law, particularly the norms of sovereignty and territorial integrity. At the same time, it recognises that international law alone cannot guarantee security. Transatlantic cooperation and European integration have therefore been key pillars of Estonia’s foreign policy since the 1990s.

Russian threat has remained a central factor shaping Estonia’s foreign policy. Estonia considers that even a partial Russian victory in Ukraine would further deteriorate the European security environment. Tallinn consistently condemns Russia’s violations of international law and urges the EU to maintain sanctions and international isolation even after a potential ceasefire to prevent Russia from rebuilding the economic and military capabilities required for future aggression.