Data centers are black boxes, but California wants to change that

California Gov. Gavin Newsom signed a slate of bills on Monday that could finally give communities better data — and more say — on how data centers impact their electricity bills and water supply.

As data centers invade a growing number of communities across the US, they’ve triggered protests over how the infrastructure underpinning AI might stress power grids and local water systems. That’s fueled partly by concerns about how difficult it is to see just how much electricity or water they’re actually gobbling up. California’s new disclosure rules won’t offer a full picture, but starting next year, data center operators will have to start sharing some of these details. The transparency will help scientists and the public see whether data centers are raising bills, draining dwindling resources, and making good on sustainability commitments.