Can China build its own ASML?

China is aggressively pursuing a fully domestic semiconductor supply chain to bypass U.S. sanctions and reduce reliance on foreign technology. While domestic firms have made progress in etching and deposition, they continue to struggle with the extreme technical complexity of lithography machines.
Why it matters
The ability to produce advanced chips domestically is a critical factor in the ongoing geopolitical and economic competition between China and the West.
Beijing wants 100% domestic chip equipment, but lithography remains an uphill battle
The article presents a factual overview of industrial challenges and government policy without taking a political stance.
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