After you upload your data to the cloud, where does it go? The challenge of dual‑use technologies
This article explores the risks of data sovereignty as Canadian institutions increasingly rely on foreign-controlled cloud infrastructure. It highlights how U.S. laws like the CLOUD Act allow foreign governments to access data stored by their companies, prompting some nations to seek domestic alternatives.
Why it matters
It addresses the tension between global digital convenience and national security, privacy, and institutional autonomy.
Most of us don’t worry too much about where our data goes. We store documents in the cloud, collaborate online with Slack and Zoom and rely on platforms like Microsoft 365, Amazon Web Services and Google Workspace.
These tools are efficient, convenient and deeply embedded in how universities, businesses and governments operate. Our everyday digital life also involves online banking and payment systems, streaming platforms like Netflix and Disney+, news and social media platforms, loyalty programs, fitness apps and smart-home services.
Many of these services are developed, hosted or routed outside Canada. They are part of global systems shaped by governance frameworks , commercial interests and geopolitical dynamics.
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